X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is based on the photoelectric effect.Organic chemicals are not routinely analyzed by XPS because they are readily degraded by either the energy of the X-rays or the heat from non-monochromatic X-ray sources It cannot detect H (Z = 1) or He (Z = 2) because the diameter of these orbitals is so small, reducing the catch probability to almost zero XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds,metals,semiconductors,polymers, ceramics,etc. Morphology of thin films XPS detects all elements with (Z) >3.Oxidation states of transition metals.Identification of elements near the surface and surface composition.What information can you obtain from XPS?.
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